John+Paul+Stevens

Name: John Paul Stevens Date of Birth: April 20th, 1920 Current Age: 88 years old Date of Appointment: December 19, 1975 Appointed by: President Gerald Ford

**Personal History ** Early life: [hometown, family, religion, socio-economic class, etc.]:   He as born in Chicago, Illinois and was the youngest of four sons. He grew up in a wealthy family. His father made a large fortune in the insurance and hotel business. His father owned a hotel, the Stevens Hotel, which later became the Chicago Hilton. The Stevens lived near the campus of the University of Chicago. The sons went to the university’s laboratory school. John Paul Stevens <span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">  <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">went to the University of Chicago for college as well. A year after he graduated he got married to Elizabeth Sheeren (LoL my sisters name w/o one of the “e”s <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">  <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">J   <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">)  <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">  <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">and had a son and three daughters with her.

<span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">  <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(9, 174, 47);">He enlisted in the Navy during WWII. He earned a bronze star. After the war he entered Northwestern University Law School to study law. He graduated with the highest grade in the school’s history. He also graduated Phi Beta Kappa ( a special honor society in college for kids with good grades. After he graduated from Northwestern he served a term as a law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Wiley Rutledge.. He then joined a big-name law firm and began creating his reputation as a lawyer. He left the firm after three years to start his own practice. He also began to teach law at Northwestern University and University of Chicago law schools. He also earned himself spots on many special counsels to the House of Representatives and the U.S. attorney General’s office. He became known as a fair-minded person to have counsel with. (http://www.oyez.org/justices/john_paul_stevens/) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Education: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(82, 2, 227);">The Stevens lived near the campus of the University of Chicago. The sons went to the university’s laboratory school. John Paul Stevens went to the University of Chicago for college as well. (http://www.oyez.org/justices/john_paul_stevens/) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Legal/Political Career prior to serving on the US Supreme Court: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: rgb(51, 69, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sin <span style="color: rgb(0, 129, 240);">ce John Paul Stevens did so well in law school, the faculty members of Northwestern commended him for a Supreme Court clerkship. He was a clerk for Justice Wiley Rutledge from 1947-1948. After this, he decided to join a law firm in Chicago of Poppenhusen, Johnston, Thompson & Raymond. Here is where he began studying antitrust law. He went to Washington, DC and became the Associate Counsel to the Subcommittee on the Study of Monopoly Power of the Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives in 1951. At the same time, he worked on “highly publicized investigation concerns in many industries, most” importantly Major League Baseball. He returned to Chicago and formed his own law firm with a few of his coworkers named Rothschild, Stevens, Barry & Myers. This firm worked out very well and Stevens continued working on antitrust law cases.

Friends/Family/Mentors/Experiences that could have shaped your justice's views: <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 69);">He considers other people's decisions that he feels are good people to decide the case. He will also look at all the facts of his case first and thinks through what makes sense and what doesn't.

<span style="color: rgb(191, 29, 114); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Voting Record: Although his vote could go both ways. he tended to vote with the majority on most cases. He is also largely considered to vote on the liberal side of cases. [|(http://www.oyez.org/justices/john_paul_stevens/opinions/2000-2009/2000/]) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens )

<span style="color: rgb(29, 37, 31);">Decisions [Study 3 key decisions by your justice and summarize them. If you are working with a partner, each of you should do 3.]: <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Ash v. Tyson Foods: 2006 (http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2005/2005_05_379/)
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Issues:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Civil Rights, Employment Discrimination
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">About the case:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Ash was an African American employee at a Tyson Foods plant and he was looked over for a promotion and he then sued the company for employment discrimination. A jury sided with Ash and awarded him damages. But, then the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals decided the evidence that Ash had presented was not sufficient enough for him to have received the damages that he did. Tyson that they had passed over Ash in order to hire a more qualified employee. But, then Ash presented that the fact that the Tyson plant manager used the word “boy” to refer to him was racially degrading. But the Eleventh Circuit said that it was not because it was never said along with other racial comments.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Question(s) asked of the Supreme Court:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Did the Circuit Court solve the Case in a Proper way for establishing that Tyson was not just trying to cover up their underlying reason for not hiring Ash? Can an employer referring to an employee as “boy” ever is considered as being racial?
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Courier New';"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Decision:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The court concluded that the Eleventh Circuit court did make errors in its decision. One example is that they did not define that standard claims based on the “superior qualifications of the other employee” or state whether Ash had actually established that Tyson was being misleading about their true intentions for denying Ash the promotion. The Supreme Court also ruled that the use of the meaning of the word “boy” varied depending on the context in which it was used. The Supreme Court then sent the case back to the Eleventh Circuit Court and told them to determine whether the errors made awould affect the outcome of the case.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"> How Stevens voted:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 51, 0);"> With the majority
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Benificial National Bank v. Anderson: 2003 (http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2002/2002_02_306/)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Issues:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Judicial Power, Jurisdiction of Federal Courts
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">About the case:
 * <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">In this case, many H&R Block customers, who took out loans from Beneficial National Bank in expectancy of their tax refunds, sued the bank in state court for charging a higher interest rate for the customers. The bank then asked that the case be viewed in federal court instead of state court because the stated issues were covered under the national Bank Act, a federal law. The district court ruled in favor of the bank but, the 11th circuit Court of Appeals then reversed that decision and declared that the NBA did not keep states from governing lending rates therefore; the case could be heard in a state court.
 * <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Question(s) asked of the Supreme Court:
 * <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Does the NBA require that any cases involving excessive amounts of intrests must be heard in a federal court instead of a state court?
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Decision:
 * <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">Yes, it does. The court deduced that the NBA creates a federal “remedy” for overcharge even when the complaint is covered by a state law.
 * <span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">How Stevens voted:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">With the majority.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 141, 10);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(76, 255, 10);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 121, 255);">    <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(29, 17, 17);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Illinois V. Caballes: 2004<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">      ( <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2004/2004_03_923/ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">)    <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(29, 17, 17);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Issues:    <span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(29, 17, 17);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Criminal Procedure, Search and Seizure, Vehicles
 * <span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(29, 17, 17);">About the Case:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">During a normal and routine traffic stop, a drug-detection dog sniffed out marijuana in Roy Caballes’ trunk. An Illinois court convicted him off trafficking the drug. Then, Caballes argued that the search was in violation of his Fourth Amendment right to be free of unreasonable searches and seizures. The state appellate court still affirmed his conviction for trafficking. The Illinois Supreme Court then reversed and ruled that the search was unjustifiable.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Question(s) asked of the Supreme Court:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Does the Fourth Amendment's search and seizure clause require that there we reasonable and definitive reasons for a canine sniff during a routine traffic stop?
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Decision:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">No, because no real "legitimate privacy" was at risk because the dog only alerted the police that there was na illegal drug present.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">How Stevens voted:
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 166, 15);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 169, 20);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span style="color: rgb(89, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">With the majority.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 81, 0);">**Booth v. Churner**

About Case: “The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 requires a prisoner to exhaust “such administrative remedies as are available before suing over prison conditions.” Timothy Booth who is an inmate at the State Correctional Institution in Smithfield, PA began a suit in District Court saying, “Corrections officers violated his Eighth Amendment right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment in various ways.” The administrative grievance and appeals system brought up booth’s complaints but couldn’t recover any money. He was denied his administrative grievance, so he didn’t want administrative review. The District Court “dismissed the complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.” The Court of Appeals then rejected Booth’s argument that the exhaustion requirement wasn’t needed because he wasn’t given the monetary relief he want by the administrative process.

Question: “Must prisoners who seek only monetary damages in suits over prison conditions still exhaust all administrative remedies before going to court, even if monetary damages are not available under the particular administrative process?”

Decision: Yes. It was decided that Booth would still have to “exhaust administrative remedies before filing suit with respect to prison conditions.”

Stevens voted with the majority. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(127, 15, 255);">
 * City of Indianapolis v. Edmond**

About the case: Indianapolis conducts “vehicle checkpoints” to try and help stop illegal drugs. An officer would “conduct and open-view examination of the vehicle” at every roadblock while another officer walked a narcotics detection dog around the vehicle. These stops lasted from 5 minutes or less. James Edmond and Joel Palmer were once stopped at one of these checkpoints, and they filed a lawsuit claiming the roadblocks “violated the Fourth Amendment and the search and seizure provision of the Indiana Constitution.” The District court didn’t give them a preliminary injunction because they thought the checkpoint program did not violate the Fourth Amendment.

Question: “Are highway checkpoint programs, whose primary purpose is the discovery and interdiction of illegal narcotics, consistent with the Fourth Amendment?”

Decision: No. An opinion wrote by Sandra Day O’Connor claimed that because the checkpoint program’s purpose was “indistinguishable from the general interest in crime control, the checkpoints violated the Fourth Amendment.”

Two people dissented, but Stevens voted with the majority. <span style="color: rgb(208, 6, 197);">
 * Florida v. Thomas**

About the case: Officers were investigating the home of Robert Thomas for marijuana sales. They asked for his name and license that showed an outstanding warrant, so they arrested him. The officers then searched his car once he was inside the house and found methamphetamine. The search was found valid under the New York v. Belton, where the U.S. Supreme court created a “bright-line rule” allowing an officer who “has made a lawful custodial arrest of a car’s occupant to search the car’s passenger compartment as a contemporaneous incident of the arrest.” The Florida Supreme Court didn’t think Belton applied to this because there’re only a certain amount of situations when an officer “initiates contact with a vehicle’s occupant while that person remains in the vehicle.”

Question: “Is New York v. Belton’s bright-line rule limited to situations where the officer initiates contact with a vehicle’s occupant while that person remains in the vehicle?”

Decision: The Court “dismissed the writ of certiorari for want of jurisdiction.” Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote “the Florida Supreme Court’s decision did not fit any of the categories where the Court treated state-court judgments as final for jurisdictional purposes although there were further proceedings to take place in the state court.” They decided that the Florida Supreme Court’s ruling wasn’t final.

It was a unanimous vote; everyone voted with the majority. <span style="color: rgb(208, 6, 197);">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Judicial Philosophy/Ideology: [What have you learned about your justice's views based on his voting record and decisions? Write it here.] : <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 89);">He favors abortion rights and believes that women should have the right to choose. He beleives in suing for past pollution and feels very strongly about civil rights. And he is considered to be a moderate left liberal. ( <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://www.ontheissues.org/John_Paul_Stevens.htm <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">) List the sites that you have used in your research. Put the information you gather into your own words. If you need to quote something directly, make sure to put it in quotes.<span style="color: rgb(29, 37, 31);">